isiZulu
Izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa kanye nokwenza okuphambene okwenziwe ngokusebenzisa ukufunda okuqondile mayelana nezimo zokuvula nokufaka kwezimo zezikhali zezinkampani zezinkampani ezinkulu zezinkampani zezinkampani
2024.10.04
Izindlela zokuthi abantu abaningi abanamathuba okuthola izidingo zabo zokuphila zingase zibe zinhle kakhulu.
Leli phepha lizama ukwenza umhlalaphansi kanye nokufaka okuphezulu kwezimo zezinkinga zezinto zokugcina zezinkinobho zezimvula zezimvula eziningi. Ngokusebenzisa ukulalela okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi, izimo zezinkinobho ezihambisana nezimo zokusebenza ezahlukene kanye nesimo sesikweletu sizokuboniswa. Izikhathi zokufunda zibonisa ukuthi ukweletu kwesikweletu kuyinto isici esibalulekile ekwenzeni izimo zezinkinobho zezimvula, futhi kuyahlinzeka isitatimende sokwenza kube kuhle kanye nokwephucula kwesikweletu, ngakho kwenza kube kuhle konke okwenziwe. Izimboni zokufunda zisebenzisa ezimbonini, ukukhiqiza kanye nokwenza izinto zezimvula zezimvula e-CHNLGVF, ekwakheni isifundo esitheoretical kanye nesikhathi sokuhlanganisa esikweni sokwenza izinto zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula zezimvula 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Izici: isivikelo esihlukene semvume; isicelo sokugcina; izici zokwenza; isimulasyo esihambisana; ukunqamuleka kwesivikelo
Ukuqala
Izinkomba zokugcina ezinkulu zezivikelelo zokulondoloza zivikelwa kakhulu ezindaweni zezomnotho njengasekhaya, i-imeko, i-chemical industry, ne-petroleum, zikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle ekwenzeni kube lula ukulondoloza okuphelele kwepayipi kanye nezinto zokwenza. Ngemizuzu emikhulu nezinkulungwane ezinkulu, izici zokuvula nokufaka kwesivikelelo zivikelwa kuhambisana nesimo nesivikelo esihambisanayo kwezinhlelo. Iziguli ezikhona zikhona ezitholakala ezitholakalayo zikhona ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo ezitholakalayo 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Ukuhlola kwesasazo sezinto ezithinta izinto ezithintekile kanye nezinto ezivamile zokwenza izinto ezithintekile zokuphefumula emanzini.
The basic principle of the spring-type safety valve is to balance the steam pressure inside the system by adjusting the stiffness and preload force of the spring. When the system pressure exceeds the set value, the valve disc is pushed open to release the pressure; and when the pressure returns to a safe range, the spring force re-presses the valve disc to maintain a seal. The opening and closing characteristics in this process are not only affected by spring stiffness and preload force, but also closely related to the temperature and pressure of the system fluid and the flow state of the medium.
Umklamo wokuvula nokufaka okuhamba kakhulu.
Izindlela zokuvula nokufaka kwesikhumba sesikhathele esinamandla zokuvula kanye nokufaka kwezikhumba sesikhathele kungaba ngokwesibonelo:
Isimo esihambisana: Idiski yevali kanye nezinkampani zivali zihlala zihlanganisa kahle, futhi isistimu isipresha esikhishwe kancane kunokuba isetshenziselwe.
Ukudonsa kwesikhathi sesiklonyelwa: Ngesikhathi isici sethemba sikwazi ukuthuthukisa, isiklonyelwa sivulekile ngokucacile futhi isiklonyelwa sivulekile.
Kwesokudala: Idiski yevali liyavuliwe ngokuphelele futhi isitembu esisistimu siyahlukaniswa kusukela lapho isipresha isheshisa ekufaneleke.
Isimo esiphakathi: Uma isitimu sezinga eliphansi kunalokho okwakhiwe, isikhonyana sisebenzisa isikhonyana sokuphinda sivule isitshalo.
Izimo zokwenza kwezinyathelo zivame ukuthi zivikelwa ngamafakthela angaphezu kwezinyathelo eziningi njengokunakwa kwesprings, ukunakwa kwezindawo zezinto kanye nokunakwa kwezindawo zezivali zokuphatha. Ngakho, kudinga ukwenza izincwadi zokwenza izinto zokuphatha kanye nezimboni zokuthuthukisa ukuze kwenzeke ukuchaza okuqondile ngezimo zayo zokwenza.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okwenzelwe
3.1 Inketho yokwenza isetshenziselwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezixhobo zokufunda.
Ukuze kwenzeke ukufunda kahle izimpendulo zezinhlamvu zezitsha zezihluzo zezihluzo eziningi, le nkulumo ithandazela isistimu sokuqala nokuthuthukiswa okuphakeme nokuphakeme. Isistimu isetshenziswa izihluzo zezitsha, izitshalo zokuthuthukiswa, izitsha zezitsha zezihluzo, izenzuzo zezintambo, izenzuzo zokufaka, kanye nezinto eziningi, futhi ingasebenzisa izimo zokusebenza ezithile ezithile ezithile ezithile ezithile ezithile. Umthamo wezintambo osebenziswe ekuboniseni kwakhe kwakwaba 50CrVA isitayela, kanye nezinhlangano eziningi zezintambo zezintambo (10 N/mm, 20 N/mm, 30 N/mm) zazithandwa ukubona izimpawu zazo ezihambisana nezinhloso nokuvula nokufunga.
Izici ezifanele kanye nokuhlola kwesaziso se-3.2
Ngenxa yezinqubo ezahlukene zokubamba kwesikhumba, izimpendulo zokuvula nokufaka kwesiphetho sesivikelo zivela kakhulu:
Ku lapho isimo sokuphakama kwezinye izinsimbi kuyakhula (10 N/mm): ukubonisa nokuvula komthwalo kwezindlela kuyasheshwa futhi isikhathi sokuvula nokuvula kuyavela, kodwa kunezinto ezinhle kakhulu zokulungisa isimo sokuphakama kwesistimu.
Kuqinisekile uma isakhiwo sesonto siphakathi (30 N/mm): ukubonisa nokuvula kuyisikhathi eside, kodwa kuyisikhathi eside kanye nokuvutha okukhulu kuyadingeka, kwenza kube nomthelela ekuphathweni kwesistimu.
Ukunqoba okuncane (20 N/mm): Ukuvula nokufaka kwevalvu kuyatholakala okuncane, nokutholakala okuhle kwezokuphendula kanye nokushesha kokuphendula.
Kuyafaneleka ukuthi ukhethe izinwele zesonto ezinconywa kahle kubalulekile ekwazi ukwenza kube nomthelela omkhulu kwezimo zesikweletu.
Ukuhlola okwenzayo kwezimboni zokuhamba kanye nokubhekwa kwemodeli.
Ukuze kube lula ukubonisa izigaba zokuphendula ezinzima zezinkomba zezinto ezithintekile zezinto zesikashukela ezifana nezimo zokusebenza ezahlukene, le nkulumo ithumelela umfundi wokuphendula okwesikhathi eside wevalvu yokuqala nokufaka okwesikhathi eside okwesikhathi eside ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-CFD (izimo zokuthuthukiswa kwamanzi). Ngokuthola iqukethe lokuphendula levalvu, i-modeli yokuphendula nokufaka okwesikhathi eside (FSI) kanye nezimo ezithintekile zezinto zomoya, i-imeyili yokuphendula nokufaka okwesikhathi eside yevalvu yenzelwe ngokuphambene.
Ukukha 4.1 Ulimi nokusetshenziswa kwamakhomishana kanye nezimpendulo zezimodeli
Umfani othuthukisa uhlelo wenza ukuthi kube yizinkimbinkimbi ezimbili ezitholakala ngokwezindlela ezimbili ukuze kwenzeke ukulungiswa kwesikhala. Isikhala sika isipringi sithathwe ngokwe-Hooke's law, futhi isinqumo somzimba siyise iNavier-Stokes equation ukuhlanganisa konke kusukela ekuvuleni okukhulu kwevalvu kuya ekufakelweni okuphelele. Izimisele zokusebenza kwesimulwe zingasetshenziswa ngokucacile ngezimo zokufunda zokwenzela ukuthi umfani uthembekile.
Izibonelo zokuthuthuka kwesikhathi 4.2
Izinqubo zokwenza zikubonisa ukuthi ngaphansi kwezinkimbinkimbi ezahlukene, isivikelo sokuvula nokufaka kwesiklali sevalvu sikwakhiwe kahle ngosuku. Ngokwezinkimbinkimbi ezifushane, isiklali sevalvu sivutha kahle, kodwa ngezinkimbinkimbi ezinkulu, isiklali sevalvu sivula ngokushesha ngesikhathi esifushane, kodwa kuzoba nezinto ezithintekile. Ngokulungiselela isamba sokubamba, leli thuba lokuvutha kungathintwa kancane futhi ukwanelisa ukuvikeleka kwesistimu kungathintwa.
Izindlela zokwakhiwa kwentuthuko yezomnotho ngaphansi kwezimo zokuthuthukisa.
Ngokwemibhalo okwenzelwe phezu kwemfumo kanye nezimboni ezitholakala, le nkulumo iyathumela izindlela zokwenza kube nomthelela olula kwezinto ezitholakala zezimboni zezandla zokugcina ezinkulu:
Ukwenza iSpring stiffness design kube enhle kakhulu
Ngokwesimo somthetho wezinto kanye nezimo zezindawo zokwenza isikhala, kufanele kutholakale ukukhetha isikhala esifanele, futhi kufanele kwenziwe ukubheka izimo zezindawo zokuvula nokufiphaza kwesivalo, ukuze kwenzeke ukubheka ukuphendula okuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa.
5.2 Isifundo sokubamba okukhanya
Ukwenza ukuvumela nokufaka isiphetho ekuphathweni nokufakwa kwevalvu. Ngokuthiwa uma usungula isiphetho ekhanda lomvalvu noma ukuthatha isiphetho se-oyili ekuboniseni, ukuvuthwa nokuphakama kwesiphetho sekhanda lomvalvu kungathathwa ngokwenzeka, ngakho kuzoba nokwenzeka ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhala sekhanda lomvalvu.
Bheka ukunikeza izici ezinzima phakathi kwesiphelo sokuvala nezinkampani zesiphelo.
Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yezinto ezithintekile zokugcina nokwenza kube kuhle kwesakhiwo somkhomba, izici zokugcina phakathi komkhomba nomkhombi wemkhomba zihlukaniswe, ukuphela kwesakhiwo okwenza kube kancane, futhi ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kwezikhathi zokuvula nokufaka kube kuhle.
Izinhlobo zemisebenzi nezinhlelo zokusebenza kwezinto ezithengiswa kanye nokwakhiwa kwemisebenzi ehlukene.
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Ukubeka izinto zokugcina zomlilo: Sisebenzise izinto zomlilo ezinamandla anelula ukuthi zisebenzele kahle emakethe anjengamanje.
Ukuphathwa kwamathuluzi okuphefumula: Ukungena kwamathuluzi okuphefumula ezindaweni ezithandwa kuyathuthukisa indlela yokwenza okuhle kwezinto zokuphefumula zomthwalo.
Ukwenza okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokwakha izindleko zokwenza: Sebenzisa izinto ezinamandla kakhulu kanye nezinto ezinamandla okulimala futhi uxhumane nesakhiwo sokwenza esisebenzayo ukuze kube khona ukulungiswa okuphezulu kwemvelo yeproduki phakathi kwemithambo emikhulu kanye nemithambo emikhulu.
7. Ukugcina
Leli phepha liqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamathalente kanye nemithambo yokwenza izinto ngokushesha nokuvuleka kwezimo zezikhundla zezibopho zezibopho zezibopho ezikhula, kanye nokuthuthukisa izindlela zokwakha ezinhle. Izimpendulo zokufunda zithola ukuthi ukukhanya kwezibopho kanye nemithambo yokwenza izinto kuyinto izici ezinhle kakhulu ezihlukene ngokushesha kwezibopho. Ukufunda kwaleli phepha kwenziwa kube yinto enhle kakhulu kwezokufunda nokwakha izinto ezinjalo zezibopho zezibopho zezibopho ezikhula.
Future research will further focus on the dynamic characteristics of safety valves under various operating conditions and develop dynamic control strategies based on artificial intelligence to achieve more precise valve opening and closing control.
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